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Research Articles

Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Baker MA, Fell GL, Puder M, Gura KM. Intravenous Fat Emulsion Formulations for the Adult and Pediatric Patient: Understanding the Differences. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016 Oct;31(5):596-609. doi: 10.1177/0884533616662996. Epub 2016 Aug 16. Review. PubMed PMID: 27533942; PubMed...

Intravenous Lipids Emulsions

What if patient has a fever? Refer patient to the emergency department. Do not reassure family over the phone. For red flag symptoms, tell them to dial 911 (altered mental status, chills, seizures). Tell family to anticipate admission for at least 48 hours. Call in Expect to ED saying that patient...

Tools & Downloads

Infusion Cycling Calculator 3-in-1 Total Nutrient Admixture Lipid Stability Calculator Parenteral Nutrition Calcium to Phosphorous Calculator Iron Dextran Repletion Dosing Calculator Parenteral Nutrition Osmolarity Calculator Retinol (vitamin A) to Retinol Binding Protein Ratio Caclulator Trace...

Bram Raphael, MD

Caregiver Teaching

Discharge Criteria for new HPN referral Patient selection: 2 weeks before discharge HPN Team consulted by primary service. Primary GI, inpatient nutrition attending and inpatient dietitian agrees to referral. Defined indication for HPN (e.g., SBS, severe malabsorption, fistula, GI obstruction, IBD...

Central Venous Access & Complications

Parenteral Amino Acids Solutions Fluids & Electrolyte Disorders (including renal complications) Micronutrient Disorders Iron Deficiency Anemia (including travenous iron) Pharmacy Reconciliation (including stability issues) Growth & Development Bone Health Body Composition Specific Digestive...

Central Lines

Central line occlusion Review of the Line History (These questions are relevant in determining appropriate treatment of the occlusion.) Complete the line history before activating the algorithm. What happened immediately before the line occluded? · Was IV fluid infusing? · Was the line used for...

Routine Ambulatory Monitoring & Health Maintenance

Assessment of hydration - Heart rate (bpm) o Newborn – 3 months: 85 - 205 o 3 months – 2 years: 100 - 190 o 2 years to 10 years: 60 - 140 o >10 years: 60 - 100 - Weight o Infant scale age o Standing scale age >2 year o Helpful to document which scale was used for consistency - Physical exam findings...

Bram Raphael, MD

Central Venous Catheter Complications, Prevention & Treatment

Outpatient central line infection prevention bundle Encouraging good hand hygiene. Scrubbing the central line hub for 15 seconds before each line access. Changing central line dressing once per week or more frequently if soiled, using aseptic technique. Change the central line end cap using clean...