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Nephrocalcinosis - Risk factors: prematurity, lasix exposure, nephrotoxins (antibiotics), calcium intake), vitamin D intake, fat malabsorption in colon (oxate stones), high vitamin D intake, family history of kidney stones - Diagnostic work-up: PTH, I cal, vitamin 1,25-OH D, urinalysis (blood, pH...

Frankel A, Haraden C, Federico F, Lenoci-Edwards J. A Framework for Safe, Reliable, and Effective Care. White Paper. Cambridge, MA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement and Safe & Reliable Healthcare; 2017. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/IHIWhitePapers/Framework-Safe-Reliab…...

Outpatient central line infection prevention bundle Encouraging good hand hygiene. Scrubbing the central line hub for 15 seconds before each line access. Changing central line dressing once per week or more frequently if soiled, using aseptic technique. Change the central line end cap using clean...

Deficiencies are prevalent in HPN patients, especially in light of product shortages and inevitable non-adherance. Providers vigalent surveillance & supplementation is worthwhile, as it has potential to impact outcomes. Falk A. Evaluating the effectiveness of a micronutrient assessment tool for long...

Causes of anemia Microcytic: Nutritional deficiencies- Iron, copper or zinc Anemia of chronic inflammation Hemaglobinopathy - thalassemias Sideroblastic anemias Normocytic: Acute GI bleeding Hemolytic - Hypersplenism, infection, trauma, G6PD, sickle cell, spherocytosis Chronic renal insufficiency...

Indications for HPN Hospitalization: - Fever 100.4 - Dehydration - Lack of working vascular access Failure with outpatient management (unable to provide HPN safely in community) Indications for liver failure hospitalization: - Acute altered mental status - Acute GI bleeding - Fever, concern for...

PN cycling Infants at around 2 months-old can often tolerate cycling. Taper on by starting with one half the hourly rate for 30 to 60 minutes. Taper off by decreasing the hourly rate by one one for 30 to 60 minutes, then decrease the hourly rate by one fourth for 30 minutes.

Short bowel syndrome (Definition): Condition resulting from Intestinal malabsorption related to massive surgical bowel resection -- ranges from mild intestinal dysfunction responsive dietary and pharmacological measures to severe intestinal failure requiring 100% parenteral support. Most important...